Fauquier ENT Blog

Various News About Things Going on at Fauquier ENT & World

Posts Tagged ‘sinus’

Unnecessary Sinus Surgery

Posted by fauquierent on March 4, 2012

A well-respected ENT surgeon, Dr. Salah Salman, recently wrote a book, “Scrubbed Out,” critical of the American health system with its links to corporation, powerful lobbies, administrators, and bureaucrats resulting in care driven by money rather than by medical necessity.

In particular, he focuses in one part of his book on endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. The excerpt from the book is quite lengthy and I encourage anybody interested to read a lightly edited version here.

In essence, there are a few unscrupulous sinus surgeons who perform sinus surgery for every patient with facial pain and pressure even though there’s no evidence for any chronic sinus infection whether on CT, endoscopic exam, and other objective testing.

Indeed, in my practice, perhaps only 10% (if not less) of patients with chronic “sinus” complaints actually have pathology related directly to the sinuses that merits consideration of sinus surgery. More commonly, symptoms suggestive of a chronic sinus infection are more commonly related to allergies and atypical facial pain syndromes (ie, migraines, sluder’s neuralgia, contact point headaches, etc).

Unfortunately, in many physicians’ minds including patients, if multiple courses of antibiotics do not resolve pan-facial pain/pressure, the sinuses must be horrible and something more aggressive geared towards the sinuses must happen.

And there’s a few ENT surgeons willing to do just that… and mistakenly so.

It’s not just ENTs, but allergists and infectious disease specialists who also may accommodate what the patient wants for treatment, even if it is incorrect.

If such patients see an allergist in the belief that their symptoms are due to allergies, they will get allergy testing and allergy shots.

If they see an infectious disease specialist, they will get antibiotics.

A much neglected specialist for patients with “sinus” problems are the neurologists given so many of these patients are actually suffering from atypical facial pain syndromes… but nobody (physicians, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, bureaucrats) gets paid much for this particular problem… and so it gets ignored.

Though sinus surgery has been abused in the past into the present, a more recent, highly reimbursed, and “sexy” sinus procedural development is balloon sinuplasty, also ripe for being abused.

Traditional sinus surgery and now balloon sinuplasty certainly have their place in the treatment of true chronic sinus pathology with astounding success, but only in highly selected patients.

As with everything, the right treatment in the right patient is the right way of doing things.

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Source:
Book Excerpt: A Saga Of ‘Fishy’ Surgery For Chronic Sinus Trouble. WBUR.ORG March 2, 2012

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Head MRI and CT Scans Explained!

Posted by fauquierent on January 8, 2012

@ENTHouse brought to my attention a FANTASTIC website that literally identifies and goes through all anatomic structures on every slice of a CT or MRI scan of the head.

Sinus cavities, blood vessels, nerves, bone, suture lines, etc…

Wish I thought of doing it first…

It may be a bit confusing for a layperson, but if you have a copy of your CT/MRI scan and wonder where the maxillary sinus or optic nerve is located on your scan, check this website out and you probably can figure it out!

Check it out!

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Stabbing Headache Around Eye or Cheek

Posted by fauquierent on December 31, 2011

Do you suffer from a stabbing headache in the areas denoted in red? Do these headaches seemingly come out of nowhere one day? Perhaps started after a viral upper respiratory infection?

You may be suffering from a condition known as contact point headache. This type of headache is also known as:

• Sluder’s neuralgia
• Anterior ethmoid neuralgia
• Sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia
• Pterygopalatine ganglion neuralgia

This type of headache has often been confused with cluster headache, migraine without aura, sinusitis, or other undefinable pathology especially since CT scans and MRI scans that are obtained often do not reveal any tumor or presence of infection.

Click here for more information.

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How to Make Xylitol Nasal Flush at Home

Posted by fauquierent on December 17, 2011

Given the unusually large reader response to my last blog regarding xylitol nasal rinses regarding the “recipe,” I thought it easier to write a blog about it!!!

To be brief, xylitol is a naturally-occurring plant-based sugar substitute that apparently has all sorts of anti-bacterial as well as anti-fungal properties. Given these properties, daily xylitol gum chewingor xylitol nasal sprayuse has been shown to help prevent recurrent acute ear infections and sinus infections… safe for use even in infants.

When used as part of nasal flushes to the nose, it seems to work even better than traditional saline flushes to the nose (read more about this here).

So, I have provided below a few different recipes to make xylitol nasal flushes at home. One may be more comfortable than the other, but it is user dependent. Obviously, convenience will play a role as well.

Just as an FYI, you can also purchase pre-packaged packetsthat contain xylitol for the ultimate convenience. Just open one packet and mix it in with water inside your nasal flush kit of choice (Nasopure, Neti Pot, Neilmed, etc)

Recipe #1 (Complex):
1 cup of water (8 ounces)
1/2 tsp salt
1/2 tsp of xylitol crystals
1/2 tsp baking soda
4 drops of grapefruit seed extract

Recipe #2:
1 cup of water (8 ounces)
1/2 tsp salt
1/2 tsp of xylitol crystals
Recipe #3:
1 cup of water (8 ounces)
1/2 – 1 tsp of xylitol crystals

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Nasal Dripologist

Posted by fauquierent on December 16, 2011

I always thought that pediatricians, primary care physicians, allergists, and ENTs were the true nasal dripologists, but I guess I’m wrong…

Saw this ad by Target promoting their pharmacists…

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Xylitol Nasal Flushes Helps Prevent Chronic Sinusitis

Posted by fauquierent on December 16, 2011

Over the years, there has been much about how beneficial a safe food additive called “xylitol” is in preventing infections. This naturally-occurring plant-based sugar substitute apparently has all sorts of anti-bacterial as well as anti-fungal properties.

Given these properties, daily xylitol gum chewing or xylitol nasal spray use has been shown to help prevent recurrent acute ear infections and sinus infections… safe for use even in infants.

How may this occur? Toronto researchers figured out that xylitol inhibits the adherence of germs (burkholderia in the study) to airway linings thereby helping to prevent recurrent infections.

Another beneficial practice found to be helpful in preventing sinus infections are saline flushes to the nose. For those who don’t realize the difference, saline flushes are different from saline nasal sprays in the volume of irrigation performed (think garden hose versus squirt bottle). Nasopure
nasal flushes is being shown in the picture above (there are many different styles but all basically do the same thing).

Now what if we combine saline flushes with xylitol for those who suffer from particularly difficult chronic sinus infections???

Stanford University researchers conducted a small study (20 subjects) to see whether xylitol flushes (rather than nasal spray) to nose works even better than plain saline flushes to the nose. In spite of its small size, it was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled crossover pilot study.

What they found, at least in the short term, is that xylitol nasal irrigations resulted in greater improvement of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms as compared to saline irrigations.
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Reference:
Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: A pilot study. The Laryngoscope
Volume 121, Issue 11, pages 2468–2472, November 2011

A novel model to study bacterial adherence to the transplanted airway: inhibition of Burkholderia cepacia adherence to human airway by dextran and xylitol. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Dec;23(12):1382-91.

A novel use of xylitol sugar in preventing acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 1998 Oct;102(4 Pt 1):879-84.

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Portable CT Scanner

Posted by fauquierent on December 3, 2011

Portable X-ray machines are commonplace… but a portable CT scanner?!!

I saw this article by MedGadget about a portable CT scanner introduced earlier this year that can be wheeled around in the hospital made by NeuroLogica.

When looking up more details, the company makes not just one portable CT scanner, but FOUR different portable machines:

BodyTom: Portable whole-body CT Scanner
CereTom: Portable CT Head scanner
OTOscan: Portable CT Sinus scanner
inSPira HD SPECT: Portable SPECT scanner

Pretty amazing.

Though the whole-body CT scanner seems a bit big to be easily moved from hospital room to hospital room, it is comparable in size to portable fluoroscopy equipment currently in use. The other models are quite a bit smaller.

Realistically, I think the CereTOM will be the big winner as CT scans of the head is probably the most ordered CT scan in the hospital, often ordered to evaluate for stroke, head injury after a fall, sinusitis, facial fractures, brain tumor, seizures, etc, etc, etc. In many of these situations, the patient is fairly immobile and it just may be easier and faster if the CT scanner is brought to the patient rather than patient wheeled to a stationary CT scanner.

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Sinus Surgery Without General Anesthesia

Posted by fauquierent on December 2, 2011

There has been tremendous advances in sinus surgery over the past decade. From the elimination of nasal packing after most routine sinus surgery to the more recent use of balloons to open the sinus cavities, patient comfort has improved greatly after this particular operation. What used to be a several week recovery may now only be a few days.

Balloon sinuplasty in particular has been revolutionary in the surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis. Though sinus surgery normally is performed under general anesthesia, balloon sinuplasty now allows this operation to be performed awake WITHOUT sedation using local anesthesia only.

At its essence, sinus surgery “opens” up blocked sinus cavities to allow drainage and ventilation. Traditional sinus surgery “removes” tissue to accomplish this goal whereas balloon sinuplasty stretches open the sinus cavity without the need for tissue removal.

Given the lack of tissue removal with balloon sinuplasty, there is less pain and faster recovery after the procedure.

What are the steps?

 

After adequate anesthesia of the nose using both topical and injectable numbing medicine…

Step 1

Under endoscopic guidance, the balloon catheter is introduced into the nasal cavity and guided towards the target sinus cavity opening. Depending on the system used, a sinus guidewire or sinus illumination may be used to help with the guidance.

sinuplasty
Step 2

Once the sinus balloon catheter is correctly positioned across the blocked sinus opening, the balloon is gradually inflated to stretch open the ostia.

sinuplasty
Step 3

After several seconds, the sinus balloon catheter is then deflated and removed leaving an enlarged sinus opening allowing for the return of sinus drainage. There is little to no disruption to mucosal lining.

sinuplasty

Of course, not all patients are candidates for balloon sinuplasty, let alone this procedure to be done awake with local anesthesia alone.

In particular, balloon sinuplasty can only address blockages involving the frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinus cavities. Ethmoid sinus cavities can NOT be corrected using this method.

Also, balloon sinuplasty does not allow for tissue biopsies (by definition, the advantage of balloon sinuplasty is the lack of need to remove any sinus or nasal tissues). As such, if there are any masses present including nasal polyps, traditional sinus surgery is the better way to go.

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Working in a Salon Can Be Unhealthy for Your Nose and Throat!

Posted by fauquierent on October 18, 2011

We already know that small hair clippings from cutting hair can cause septal perforation and chronic sinusitis due to long-term inhalation. Worse case scenario, it can even lead to an external nasal deformity! (Read blog about this here.)

However, it seems that it’s not just hair that can damage the nose, but also hair products especially to straighten/smoothen hair popularly known as “Brazilian” treatments.

In a report published by Washington Post on Oct 17, 2011, such Brazilian hair smoothing treatments often contain a known toxic chemical called formaldehyde and methylene glycol. The FDA has pronounced such products to be unsafe. These chemicals are most commonly used as a preservative to prevent dead tissue (ie, corpses) from decay.

And yet… these products are commonly used in hair salons to potentially unsafe levels resulting in health problems to not just workers, but also customers.

Common symptoms that can result from formaldehyde and methylene glycol exposure include:

• nose-running (rhinitis)

• eye tearing

• throat burning

It can also cause symptoms of chronic sinusitis, taste alteration, smell loss, dry nose, scabbing at the nose entrance, etc.

Best to avoid if at all possible!

Read the WP article here.

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Novel Treatment for Non-Allergic Rhinits

Posted by fauquierent on July 30, 2011

Non-allergic rhinitis is an extremely frustrating sino-nasal disorder that is characterized by all the same symptoms of sinusitis and allergies, but NOT due to sinusitis or allergies. Rather, I consider non-allergic rhinitis to be the over-sensitive nose syndrome whereby breathing in air containing particulates (whether smoke, perfume, dust, pollen, etc) PHYSICALLY irritates the nose causing symptoms.

This is in contrast to allergies where the pollen causes an immunologic reaction causing symptoms or sinusitis which is due to an infection.

Non-allergic rhinitis is diagnosed by a negative allergy test (meaning symptoms are not due to allergies) and normal CT sinus scan (meaning symptoms are not due to a sinus infection).

Usually, treatment encompasses avoiding triggers (ie, perfume, smoke, dust, etc), applying a barrier nasal emollient (ie, ponaris), anti-histamine nasal spray (ie, astelin, astepro, patanase), and nasal hygiene using saline flushes which washes away the irritants causing symptoms.

Well, a new study published this month have shown another mode of treatment is quite helpful… ICX72, a proprietary homeopathic preparation of Capsicum annum and Eucalyptol, otherwise known as Sinus Buster!

When used twice daily over two weeks, symptoms were found to be significantly improved when compared to placebo. Furthermore, sinus buster alleviates symptoms attributable to non-allergic rhinitis within 52.6 seconds on average.

Past studies have shown improvement using Sinus Buster, but this is the first controlled study demonstrating efficacy.

Of note, unlike nasal decongestant sprays like Afrin which can result in addiction over time (rhinitis medicamentosa), there does not appear to be any addictive component with this nasal spray.

Read the study abstract here.

Read more about this condition here.

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Reference:
A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial comparing capsaicin nasal spray with placebo in subjects with a significant component of nonallergic rhinitis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Volume 107, Issue 2, Pages 171-178 (August 2011)

Intranasal Capsicum spray in idiopathic rhinitis: a randomized prospective application regimen trial. Acta Otolaryngol. 2009 Apr;129(4):367-71.

Intranasal capsaicin reduces nasal hyperreactivity in idiopathic rhinitis: a double-blind randomized application regimen study. Allergy. 2003 Aug;58(8):754-61.

The long-term effects of capsaicin aqueous spray on the nasal mucosa. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Nov;28(11):1351-8.

Beneficial effects of intranasal applications of capsaicin in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1991;248(4):191-4.

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