Fauquier ENT Blog

Various News About Things Going on at Fauquier ENT & World

Posts Tagged ‘sinusitis’

Unnecessary Sinus Surgery

Posted by fauquierent on March 4, 2012

A well-respected ENT surgeon, Dr. Salah Salman, recently wrote a book, “Scrubbed Out,” critical of the American health system with its links to corporation, powerful lobbies, administrators, and bureaucrats resulting in care driven by money rather than by medical necessity.

In particular, he focuses in one part of his book on endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. The excerpt from the book is quite lengthy and I encourage anybody interested to read a lightly edited version here.

In essence, there are a few unscrupulous sinus surgeons who perform sinus surgery for every patient with facial pain and pressure even though there’s no evidence for any chronic sinus infection whether on CT, endoscopic exam, and other objective testing.

Indeed, in my practice, perhaps only 10% (if not less) of patients with chronic “sinus” complaints actually have pathology related directly to the sinuses that merits consideration of sinus surgery. More commonly, symptoms suggestive of a chronic sinus infection are more commonly related to allergies and atypical facial pain syndromes (ie, migraines, sluder’s neuralgia, contact point headaches, etc).

Unfortunately, in many physicians’ minds including patients, if multiple courses of antibiotics do not resolve pan-facial pain/pressure, the sinuses must be horrible and something more aggressive geared towards the sinuses must happen.

And there’s a few ENT surgeons willing to do just that… and mistakenly so.

It’s not just ENTs, but allergists and infectious disease specialists who also may accommodate what the patient wants for treatment, even if it is incorrect.

If such patients see an allergist in the belief that their symptoms are due to allergies, they will get allergy testing and allergy shots.

If they see an infectious disease specialist, they will get antibiotics.

A much neglected specialist for patients with “sinus” problems are the neurologists given so many of these patients are actually suffering from atypical facial pain syndromes… but nobody (physicians, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, bureaucrats) gets paid much for this particular problem… and so it gets ignored.

Though sinus surgery has been abused in the past into the present, a more recent, highly reimbursed, and “sexy” sinus procedural development is balloon sinuplasty, also ripe for being abused.

Traditional sinus surgery and now balloon sinuplasty certainly have their place in the treatment of true chronic sinus pathology with astounding success, but only in highly selected patients.

As with everything, the right treatment in the right patient is the right way of doing things.

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Source:
Book Excerpt: A Saga Of ‘Fishy’ Surgery For Chronic Sinus Trouble. WBUR.ORG March 2, 2012

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Northern Virginia Balloon Sinuplasty for Chronic Sinusitis

Posted by fauquierent on January 22, 2012

In the past month, local residents of Northern Virginia may have received a magazine newsletter from Prince William Hospital (Manassas, Virginia) that contained a feature story about sinus surgery and about balloon sinuplasty specifically.

It was a great story about how far sinus surgery has come compared to even just 5-10 years ago and the great patient experiences under otolaryngologist Dr. Gardner is not uncommon now.
A few key features of sinus surgery of the 21st century:
• Nasal packing rarely occurs
• Most patients are surprised by how little pain there is
• No facial swelling or bruising… your best friend won’t be able to tell you just had sinus surgery
• Fast recovery
• No incisions on the face or in the mouth
GPS-like image guidance to make sinus surgery even safer is available
• In select patients, can even be performed in the office without sedation using local anesthesia only
Balloon sinuplasty is a relatively new innovation that allows sinus surgery to even be performed even more comfortably in the office without any sedation (not all patients are candidates).
Such advanced sinus surgery techniques have been available at Fauquier ENT since 2005.
Read more about sinus surgery and balloon sinuplasty.
Source:
Balloon Sinuplasty. Perspectives Winter 2011 Pages 2-3.

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Amoeba Deaths from Neti-Pot Use and How to Minimize Risk

Posted by fauquierent on December 22, 2011

In the past few weeks, there have been numerous stories about the 2nd death in Louisiana from Neti-Pot use leading to an amoeba infection of the brain. The culprit organism Naegleria fowleri causes a life-threatening encephalitis after passing thru the nose and up into the brain where the organism eats neurons for food.

As such, recommendations have been issued to use water as instructed with the Neti-Pot packaging… water should be boiled, distilled, or filtered.

However, before the millions of people who may have elected to simply use tap-water change their daily routine, consider that more commonly, swimming in warm lakes or rivers causes 2-3 amoeba related deaths per year… and swimming in and of itself leads to thousands of drownings per year. So far, there have been only TWO amoeba-related deaths linked with Neti-Pot usage that we know of so far.

In any case, lets talk about boiled, distilled, or filtered water and what a Neti-Pot user can do keep their daily routine simple. After all, it is so simple to simply fill the container with running tap-water. The additional step to keep things safe can become annoying.

Boiled Water: Naegleria fowleri can not survive in temperatures above 47°C. As such, by boiling water, you guarantee death if any are present in the water.

Save time by boiling a large amount of water and storing in 1 gallon containers for daily use.

Distilled Water: By definition, distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container. It’s a slow process, but it not only kills any micro-organisms much like simple boiling does, but also removes any inorganic “impurities” that may be harmful like mercury as well as beneficial minerals including calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Distillation does not discriminate.

It is not feasible for most individuals to set up a home water distillation process just so they can use the Neti-Pot. Though can get expensive over the years, save time by purchasing large volumes of distilled water to have at home. But, there are portable water distilling machines you can purchase as well.

Filtered Water: Water that is filtered is cleaned by means of a fine physical barrier, a chemical process or a biological process. In most homes, filtered water is almost universally achieved by a physical barrier. There are numerous vendors out there that sell devices to filter the water including Pur Water and Brita.

Save time by purchasing a faucet attachment that automatically filters water into your Neti-Pot when you need it.

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How to Make Xylitol Nasal Flush at Home

Posted by fauquierent on December 17, 2011

Given the unusually large reader response to my last blog regarding xylitol nasal rinses regarding the “recipe,” I thought it easier to write a blog about it!!!

To be brief, xylitol is a naturally-occurring plant-based sugar substitute that apparently has all sorts of anti-bacterial as well as anti-fungal properties. Given these properties, daily xylitol gum chewingor xylitol nasal sprayuse has been shown to help prevent recurrent acute ear infections and sinus infections… safe for use even in infants.

When used as part of nasal flushes to the nose, it seems to work even better than traditional saline flushes to the nose (read more about this here).

So, I have provided below a few different recipes to make xylitol nasal flushes at home. One may be more comfortable than the other, but it is user dependent. Obviously, convenience will play a role as well.

Just as an FYI, you can also purchase pre-packaged packetsthat contain xylitol for the ultimate convenience. Just open one packet and mix it in with water inside your nasal flush kit of choice (Nasopure, Neti Pot, Neilmed, etc)

Recipe #1 (Complex):
1 cup of water (8 ounces)
1/2 tsp salt
1/2 tsp of xylitol crystals
1/2 tsp baking soda
4 drops of grapefruit seed extract

Recipe #2:
1 cup of water (8 ounces)
1/2 tsp salt
1/2 tsp of xylitol crystals
Recipe #3:
1 cup of water (8 ounces)
1/2 – 1 tsp of xylitol crystals

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Nasal Dripologist

Posted by fauquierent on December 16, 2011

I always thought that pediatricians, primary care physicians, allergists, and ENTs were the true nasal dripologists, but I guess I’m wrong…

Saw this ad by Target promoting their pharmacists…

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Xylitol Nasal Flushes Helps Prevent Chronic Sinusitis

Posted by fauquierent on December 16, 2011

Over the years, there has been much about how beneficial a safe food additive called “xylitol” is in preventing infections. This naturally-occurring plant-based sugar substitute apparently has all sorts of anti-bacterial as well as anti-fungal properties.

Given these properties, daily xylitol gum chewing or xylitol nasal spray use has been shown to help prevent recurrent acute ear infections and sinus infections… safe for use even in infants.

How may this occur? Toronto researchers figured out that xylitol inhibits the adherence of germs (burkholderia in the study) to airway linings thereby helping to prevent recurrent infections.

Another beneficial practice found to be helpful in preventing sinus infections are saline flushes to the nose. For those who don’t realize the difference, saline flushes are different from saline nasal sprays in the volume of irrigation performed (think garden hose versus squirt bottle). Nasopure
nasal flushes is being shown in the picture above (there are many different styles but all basically do the same thing).

Now what if we combine saline flushes with xylitol for those who suffer from particularly difficult chronic sinus infections???

Stanford University researchers conducted a small study (20 subjects) to see whether xylitol flushes (rather than nasal spray) to nose works even better than plain saline flushes to the nose. In spite of its small size, it was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled crossover pilot study.

What they found, at least in the short term, is that xylitol nasal irrigations resulted in greater improvement of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms as compared to saline irrigations.
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Reference:
Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: A pilot study. The Laryngoscope
Volume 121, Issue 11, pages 2468–2472, November 2011

A novel model to study bacterial adherence to the transplanted airway: inhibition of Burkholderia cepacia adherence to human airway by dextran and xylitol. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004 Dec;23(12):1382-91.

A novel use of xylitol sugar in preventing acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 1998 Oct;102(4 Pt 1):879-84.

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Nasonex Sinus Implant for Chronic Sinusitis

Posted by fauquierent on August 30, 2011

The FDA on August 15, 2011 approved of a novel dissolvable sinus implant that slowly releases mometasone furoate steroid (same active ingredient as Nasonex steroid nasal spray) directly onto the sinus mucosa.

The spring-like implant is placed at the time of sinus surgery and automatically expands and conforms to the sinus cavity regardless of size and shape.

The theory is that by continuously delivering a low dose steroid directly to the sinus cavity, sinus inflammation will decrease and risk of scarring will decrease resulting in an overall decrease in chronic sinusitis for the patient after sinus surgery.

This is a GREAT idea and studies have born out its effectiveness. Hopefully other drug-eluting dissolvable stents like this will be developed in the future!

Developed by Intersect ENT, the implant is called “Propel.”

Read about the FDA approval here.

References:
Safety and efficacy of a novel bioabsorbable, steroid eluting sinus stent. INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY. 2011;1(1):23-32.

Advances in the Surgical Management of Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyps. CURRENT ALLERGY AND
ASTHMA REPORTS. Published online 08 February 2011

Controlled steroid delivery via bioabsorbable stent: Safety and performance in a rabbit model. AMERICAL JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY. November–December 2009, Vol. 23, No. 6.

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Novel Treatment for Non-Allergic Rhinits

Posted by fauquierent on July 30, 2011

Non-allergic rhinitis is an extremely frustrating sino-nasal disorder that is characterized by all the same symptoms of sinusitis and allergies, but NOT due to sinusitis or allergies. Rather, I consider non-allergic rhinitis to be the over-sensitive nose syndrome whereby breathing in air containing particulates (whether smoke, perfume, dust, pollen, etc) PHYSICALLY irritates the nose causing symptoms.

This is in contrast to allergies where the pollen causes an immunologic reaction causing symptoms or sinusitis which is due to an infection.

Non-allergic rhinitis is diagnosed by a negative allergy test (meaning symptoms are not due to allergies) and normal CT sinus scan (meaning symptoms are not due to a sinus infection).

Usually, treatment encompasses avoiding triggers (ie, perfume, smoke, dust, etc), applying a barrier nasal emollient (ie, ponaris), anti-histamine nasal spray (ie, astelin, astepro, patanase), and nasal hygiene using saline flushes which washes away the irritants causing symptoms.

Well, a new study published this month have shown another mode of treatment is quite helpful… ICX72, a proprietary homeopathic preparation of Capsicum annum and Eucalyptol, otherwise known as Sinus Buster!

When used twice daily over two weeks, symptoms were found to be significantly improved when compared to placebo. Furthermore, sinus buster alleviates symptoms attributable to non-allergic rhinitis within 52.6 seconds on average.

Past studies have shown improvement using Sinus Buster, but this is the first controlled study demonstrating efficacy.

Of note, unlike nasal decongestant sprays like Afrin which can result in addiction over time (rhinitis medicamentosa), there does not appear to be any addictive component with this nasal spray.

Read the study abstract here.

Read more about this condition here.

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Reference:
A randomized, double-blind, parallel trial comparing capsaicin nasal spray with placebo in subjects with a significant component of nonallergic rhinitis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Volume 107, Issue 2, Pages 171-178 (August 2011)

Intranasal Capsicum spray in idiopathic rhinitis: a randomized prospective application regimen trial. Acta Otolaryngol. 2009 Apr;129(4):367-71.

Intranasal capsaicin reduces nasal hyperreactivity in idiopathic rhinitis: a double-blind randomized application regimen study. Allergy. 2003 Aug;58(8):754-61.

The long-term effects of capsaicin aqueous spray on the nasal mucosa. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Nov;28(11):1351-8.

Beneficial effects of intranasal applications of capsaicin in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1991;248(4):191-4.

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Can a Deviated Septum Cause Facial Pain?

Posted by fauquierent on July 28, 2011

Yes…

There is a phenomenon caused Sluder’s Neuralgia whereby a patient may suffer fairly severe pain over the cheek and around the eye due to a severe deviated septum… not just any deviated septum, but a sub-type called a septal spur.

As an introduction, a nasal septum is a wall that divides the nasal cavity down the middle. This nasal wall is much larger than people realize… perhaps a little bigger than a large man’s watch.

In some individuals, the septum (purple arrow) may be deviated to one side causing narrowing resulting in symptoms of nasal obstruction.

In a further subset of individuals, the septum may be even more deviated with a “spur” digging into the side of the nasal cavity as shown by the black arrowhead below.

In this scenario, the patient will feel pain in the cheek and eye region on the same side as the septal spur. If nasal swelling occurs, the pain will become more severe. Such swelling may occur from allergies or a viral infection. As such, the pain fluctuates depending on how much mucosal swelling is present.

This situation is analogous to a bunion on the foot. Just like the septal spur, if the bunion digs too hard into a shoe, a person may feel foot pain. If the foot swells due to standing or edema, the pain may become more severe.

Shown below is a septal spur before and after mucosal lining swelling has occurred.

Treatment is a surgical procedure called septoplasty which basically removes the spur and straightens the septum back to the midline.

Read more about the procedure here.

Read more about this condition here.

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Nebulizer Treatment for Chronic Sinusitis

Posted by fauquierent on July 16, 2011

Many people are already aware of nebulizer treatments to help with breathing during asthma attacks and other pulmonary conditions.

What many people may not be aware of is that such nebulizer treatments can also potentially be used for chronic sinus infections. One of the best known company offering such treatment is Sinus Dynamics.

Using one of several different nebulizers, compounded liquid medications (antibiotics and/or steroids) selected by the physician are nebulized/atomized which the patient than breathes into the nasal passages. The small size of the particles allow medication to theoretically move through the tiniest of sinus openings directly onto the infected tissue. Treatments are quick generally lasting 3 – 5 minutes (depending on medication and device). Here’s a video demonstrating how it is used.

Sinus Dynamics™ specifically is contracted by over 14,000 insurance companies across the nation, which means that most patients are able to receive their treatment for little to no cost out of pocket.

Most ENT doctors are already familiar with this product.

Personally, I prescribe this mode of treatment for the particularly difficult sinus infection that has not responded to oral antibiotics and sinus surgery. The major advantage of such a device is not only the fact that it is topical, but much stronger antibiotics can be prescribed that otherwise would be toxic if given orally. Furthermore, more than one medication can be administered simultaneously (for example, a steroid, tetracycline antibiotic, and ceftazidime antibiotic).

Typically, I require a culture with sensitivities to determine what medication would be optimal for this mode of treatment. Another requirement is prior sinus surgery given studies showing greater effectiveness of the delivery system.

Once cultures are obtained and a determination of the optimal medication to treat, a prescription is faxed to the company who will than take care of the insurance coverage and than ship the device and medication(s) to you. The normal turn-around time is less than 1 week depending on the prescription.

An instructional video is included with the prescription as well as customer service representatives via phone to walk through the first treatment if needed.

Of course, sinus nebulizer treatment is not the only topical treatment than can be provided.

Other topical sinus treatments which may be just as effective if not more include saline flushes containing medications (which can be compounded by any willing pharmacy) as well as application of antibiotic ointments directly into the sinus cavity (which is performed by the ENT under endoscopic guidance).

It is up to your ENT physician to determine what is the best course of treatment based on your history, endoscopic sinus evaluation, culture results, CT scans, and response to prior medical regimens.

It should also be noted that there have been several studies performed suggesting such nebulizer treatment for sinus infections to be ineffective. However, it certainly is worth trying when all else has failed (or insurance has denied other treatment protocols).

References:
Nebulized antibiotics for the treatment of refractory bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 Jun;45(6):798-802. Epub 2011 Jun 7.

Current concepts in topical therapy for chronic sinonasal disease. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Jun;39(3):217-31.

A prospective controlled trial of pulsed nasal nebulizer in maximally dissected cadavers. Am J Rhinol. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):390-4.

Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study. Rhinology. 2008 Jun;46(2):92-8.

Deposition of aerosolized particles in the maxillary sinuses before and after endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol. 2007 Mar-Apr;21(2):196-7.

Comparison of topical medication delivery systems after sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 2004 Feb;114(2):201-4.

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